All Drugs

749 drug validation reports

This list is based on the PBS Schedule (Australia).

Shortlist: Australian medicines with clinical-trial evidence for a new indication (L1–L2, with the predicted indication and the number of registered trials cited).

Evidence level breakdown

Evidence level	Drugs	Description
L1	10	Multiple RCTs / systematic reviews
L2	31	Single RCT / Phase 2 trials
L3	21	Observational studies / large case series
L4	45	Preclinical / mechanistic studies
L5	484	Model prediction only

Full drug list

Drug	Evidence level	Indications
Abacavir	L5	3
Abatacept	L3	7
Abemaciclib	N/A	0
Acalabrutinib	N/A	0
Acamprosate	N/A	0
Acarbose	L5	9
Acetaminophen	N/A	0
Acetazolamide	L5	10
Acetic Acid	L5	9
Acetylsalicylic Acid	L5	7
Acitretin	L3	4
Aclidinium	N/A	0
Acyclovir	L5	10
Adalimumab	L5	3
Adapalene	L5	1
Afatinib	N/A	0
Aflibercept	L5	1
Albendazole	L5	1
Alectinib	L5	9
Alemtuzumab	N/A	0
Alendronic Acid	N/A	0
Alfuzosin	L5	10
Allopurinol	L5	10
Alogliptin	N/A	0
Alprazolam	L3	2
Alprostadil	L5	9
Aluminium	N/A	0
Amantadine	L5	4
Ambrisentan	L5	5
Amifampridine	L5	2
Amiloride	L5	5
Amiodarone	L5	9
Amisulpride	N/A	0
Amitriptyline	N/A	0
Amlodipine	L5	9
Amorolfine	L5	10
Amoxicillin	L5	8
Amphotericin B	N/A	0
Anakinra	L5	9
Anastrozole	L5	5
Anifrolumab	N/A	0
Apalutamide	N/A	0
Apixaban	L5	1
Apomorphine	L5	10
Apremilast	N/A	0
Aprepitant	L5	10
Arginine	L4	1
Aripiprazole	L5	8
Armodafinil	L2	1
Artemether	L5	8
Ascorbic Acid	L5	9
Asenapine	L5	9
Atazanavir	L5	4
Atenolol	L5	5
Atezolizumab	L5	6
Atomoxetine	L5	10
Atorvastatin	L1	4
Atovaquone	N/A	0
Atropine	L5	2
Auranofin	L5	2
Avatrombopag	L5	9
Avelumab	L5	9
Axitinib	L4	4
Azacitidine	N/A	0
Azathioprine	L5	7
Azithromycin	L5	10
Baclofen	L5	2
Balsalazide	L5	10
Baricitinib	L5	2
Bendamustine	L1	10
Benralizumab	L5	5
Benzatropine	L5	2
Benzocaine	L5	1
Benzoic Acid	L5	10
Benzoyl Peroxide	L5	4
Benzydamine	L5	1
Benzylpenicillin	L5	7
Betamethasone	L4	7
Bevacizumab	L5	10
Bicalutamide	L4	10
Bictegravir	L5	3
Bimatoprost	L5	10
Binimetinib	N/A	0
Bisoprolol	L5	4
Bivalirudin	N/A	0
Bleomycin	L5	5
Bortezomib	N/A	0
Bosentan	L4	8
Botulinum Toxin Type A	N/A	0
Brentuximab Vedotin	L3	10
Brexpiprazole	N/A	0
Brigatinib	L5	9
Brimonidine	N/A	0
Brinzolamide	N/A	0
Brivaracetam	L5	1
Brolucizumab	L5	4
Bromazepam	L5	1
Bromocriptine	L5	10
Budesonide	L5	10
Buprenorphine	L5	6
Bupropion	L2	10
Burosumab	N/A	0
Busulfan	L1	10
Cabazitaxel	L5	10
Cabergoline	L5	4
Cabotegravir	L5	5
Cabozantinib	L5	5
Calcipotriol	L3	10
Calcitriol	L5	5
Calcium	N/A	0
Camphor	L5	9
Candesartan	L2	9
Cannabidiol	N/A	0
Capecitabine	L5	1
Captopril	L5	3
Carbamazepine	L5	3
Carbimazole	L5	2
Carboplatin	L5	9
Carfilzomib	L5	5
Cariprazine	N/A	0
Carmustine	N/A	0
Carvedilol	L5	4
Castor Oil	N/A	0
Cefaclor	N/A	0
Cefazolin	L5	8
Ceftriaxone	L5	5
Cefuroxime	L5	8
Celecoxib	L5	7
Cemiplimab	L5	5
Ceritinib	L5	9
Certolizumab Pegol	L5	3
Cetirizine	L5	3
Cetrorelix	L5	10
Cetuximab	L5	10
Chlorambucil	L5	5
Chloramphenicol	L5	8
Chlorhexidine	N/A	0
Chlorobutanol	L5	9
Chloroform	N/A	0
Chlorpromazine	L5	9
Chlorthalidone	L5	9
Cholecalciferol	L5	4
Ciclesonide	L5	5
Cinacalcet	N/A	0
Ciprofloxacin	L5	9
Cisplatin	N/A	0
Citalopram	L2	5
Citric Acid	L5	8
Citrulline	N/A	0
Cladribine	L5	7
Clarithromycin	L5	5
Clavulanic Acid	L5	10
Clindamycin	L5	6
Clobetasol	L3	1
Clomifene	L5	9
Clomipramine	L1	8
Clonazepam	L3	3
Clonidine	L5	10
Clopidogrel	L5	7
Clotrimazole	L5	2
Clozapine	L2	9
Cobicistat	L5	3
Cobimetinib	L5	9
Cocaine	L5	10
Codeine	L5	3
Colchicine	L5	2
Corifollitropin Alfa	L5	7
Cortisone	L5	7
Crizotinib	L5	9
Cyanocobalamin	L5	1
Cyclophosphamide	L5	2
Cyclosporine	L5	7
Cyproterone Acetate	L4	9
Cytarabine	L4	9
Dabigatran	N/A	0
Dabrafenib	N/A	0
Dantrolene	L5	7
Dapagliflozin	N/A	0
Dapsone	L1	1
Daratumumab	N/A	0
Darbepoetin Alfa	N/A	0
Darolutamide	L5	3
Darunavir	L5	4
Dasatinib	L2	9
Daunorubicin	L5	10
Decitabine	L5	1
Deferasirox	L5	5
Deferiprone	L5	8
Degarelix	L5	10
Denosumab	L5	2
Desmopressin	L5	6
Desvenlafaxine	L4	8
Dexamethasone	L5	9
Dexpanthenol	L5	7
Diazepam	L2	10
Diclofenac	L5	10
Dicloxacillin	N/A	0
Dienogest	L5	10
Digoxin	L5	5
Diltiazem	N/A	0
Dimethyl Fumarate	N/A	0
Diroximel Fumarate	L5	10
Disopyramide	L5	10
Docetaxel	L2	7
Docusate	L5	2
Dolutegravir	L4	3
Domperidone	L5	1
Donepezil	L5	8
Dornase Alfa	N/A	0
Dorzolamide	L5	7
Dosulepin	N/A	0
Doxorubicin	L1	8
Doxycycline	L5	10
Drospirenone	N/A	0
Duloxetine	L5	10
Dupilumab	L3	9
Durvalumab	L5	6
Dutasteride	L5	10
Eculizumab	L5	10
Edaravone	L5	2
Efavirenz	L5	3
Eflornithine	L5	2
Elafibranor	L5	1
Eletriptan	L5	3
Elotuzumab	N/A	0
Eltrombopag	L5	1
Elvitegravir	L4	3
Empagliflozin	L5	3
Emtricitabine	L5	3
Enalapril	N/A	0
Encorafenib	N/A	0
Enfortumab Vedotin	L5	9
Enoxaparin	L5	1
Entacapone	L5	10
Entecavir	L4	9
Entrectinib	N/A	0
Enzalutamide	L5	5
Ephedrine	L4	2
Epinephrine	L5	3
Epirubicin	L5	7
Eplerenone	L5	4
Epoprostenol	N/A	0
Eprosartan	N/A	0
Eptinezumab	N/A	0
Eribulin	L5	9
Erlotinib	N/A	0
Erythromycin	L5	4
Escitalopram	N/A	0
Esketamine	L5	2
Esomeprazole	L5	1
Estradiol	N/A	0
Estriol	L3	1
Etanercept	L5	3
Ethanol	L4	2
Ethinylestradiol	L5	1
Ethosuximide	L5	1
Etonogestrel	L5	5
Etoposide	L5	10
Etravirine	L5	8
Eucalyptus Oil	N/A	0
Everolimus	L2	8
Evolocumab	L5	6
Exemestane	L5	7
Ezetimibe	L5	1
Famciclovir	L5	9
Famotidine	L5	4
Faricimab	N/A	0
Febuxostat	L4	3
Felodipine	L5	5
Fenfluramine	L5	4
Fenofibrate	L5	1
Fentanyl	L5	2
Ferric Carboxymaltose	L5	1
Ferrous Fumarate	L5	1
Ferrous Sulfate Anhydrous	L5	3
Fexofenadine	L5	1
Filgrastim	L5	10
Finasteride	L5	6
Fingolimod	N/A	0
Flecainide	L3	9
Flucloxacillin	L5	10
Fluconazole	L5	1
Fludarabine	L2	10
Fludrocortisone	L5	8
Flunitrazepam	L5	8
Fluorouracil	L5	10
Fluoxetine	L5	8
Flupentixol	L5	9
Flutamide	L5	8
Fluticasone Furoate	L5	7
Fluticasone Propionate	N/A	0
Fluvastatin	L5	6
Fluvoxamine	L5	9
Folic Acid	L4	1
Fondaparinux	N/A	0
Formaldehyde	L5	10
Formoterol	L5	2
Fosaprepitant	L5	10
Fosinopril	L5	4
Framycetin	L5	7
Fremanezumab	L5	1
Fulvestrant	L4	10
Fusidic Acid	L5	10
Gabapentin	N/A	0
Galantamine	L5	9
Galcanezumab	L5	3
Ganciclovir	N/A	0
Ganirelix	L5	10
Gefitinib	L5	9
Gemcitabine	L5	8
Gemfibrozil	L4	9
Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin	N/A	0
Gilteritinib	L5	1
Glatiramer	L5	1
Glecaprevir	L5	10
Glimepiride	L5	9
Glucagon	L5	1
Glycine	L5	1
Glycopyrronium	N/A	0
Golimumab	L5	2
Goserelin	L2	3
Granisetron	L5	10
Griseofulvin	L5	5
Guanfacine	L5	7
Guselkumab	L5	8
Haloperidol	L5	9
Heparin	L5	2
Hyaluronic Acid	L3	9
Hydrochlorothiazide	N/A	0
Hydrocortisone	L2	9
Hydrocortisone Acetate	L2	9
Hydromorphone	L5	6
Hydroxocobalamin	L5	2
Hydroxychloroquine	N/A	0
Hydroxyurea	L5	6
Ibandronate	N/A	0
Ibrutinib	N/A	0
Ibuprofen	L5	7
Icatibant	L5	6
Icosapent Ethyl	L5	1
Idarubicin	N/A	0
Idelalisib	L2	6
Ifosfamide	L5	10
Iloprost	L5	4
Imatinib	L5	10
Imipramine	L3	7
Imiquimod	L5	10
Inclisiran	L5	9
Indacaterol	L5	10
Indapamide	N/A	0
Indomethacin	L5	10
Infliximab	N/A	0
Inotuzumab Ozogamicin	N/A	0
Insulin Aspart	L5	8
Insulin Degludec	L5	5
Insulin Detemir	L5	9
Insulin Glargine	L5	10
Insulin Glulisine	L5	9
Insulin Lispro	L5	9
Interferon Beta-1B	L5	2
Interferon Gamma-1B	L5	10
Iodine	N/A	0
Ipilimumab	L5	1
Ipratropium	L5	9
Irbesartan	L5	3
Irinotecan	L5	1
Iron Sucrose	N/A	0
Isoleucine	L5	1
Isoniazid	L5	1
Isosorbide Dinitrate	L5	10
Isosorbide Mononitrate	L5	10
Isotretinoin	L5	1
Itraconazole	L5	1
Ivabradine	L5	6
Ivermectin	L5	9
Ivosidenib	L5	1
Ixekizumab	N/A	0
Kaolin	N/A	0
Labetalol	L5	3
Lacosamide	L5	10
Lactic Acid	L5	5
Lactose	L5	10
Lamivudine	L4	5
Lamotrigine	L5	2
Lanadelumab	L5	9
Lanreotide	L5	5
Lansoprazole	L5	1
Lanthanum Carbonate	N/A	0
Lapatinib	L5	1
Larotrectinib	L5	2
Latanoprost	L5	9
Leflunomide	L5	2
Lenalidomide	L2	4
Lenvatinib	L3	5
Lercanidipine	N/A	0
Letrozole	L5	4
Levetiracetam	L5	1
Levodopa	L5	1
Levonorgestrel	L2	5
Levothyroxine	L5	4
Lidocaine	L5	10
Lincomycin	L5	3
Liothyronine	L5	9
Lipegfilgrastim	L5	5
Lisdexamfetamine	L5	9
Lisinopril	L5	6
Lithium Carbonate	L5	10
Loperamide	L5	10
Lopinavir	L4	3
Loratadine	N/A	0
Lorlatinib	L5	9
Lumacaftor	L5	1
Lurasidone	L5	9
Macitentan	N/A	0
Magnesium	N/A	0
Magnesium Sulfate	L3	8
Magnesium Trisilicate	L5	1
Mannitol	L5	9
Maraviroc	L5	10
Mebendazole	L5	1
Mecasermin	L5	4
Mechlorethamine	L5	2
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate	L3	6
Mefenamic Acid	L2	6
Melatonin	N/A	0
Meloxicam	L5	8
Melphalan	L5	6
Memantine	L5	4
Mepolizumab	L5	5
Mercaptopurine	L3	8
Mesalazine	L5	6
Metformin	L5	5
Methadone	L4	7
Methotrexate	L5	7
Methoxsalen	L5	8
Methoxy Polyethylene Glycol-Epoetin Beta	L5	7
Methoxyflurane	N/A	0
Methyldopa	N/A	0
Methylphenidate	L5	4
Methylprednisolone	L5	8
Metoclopramide	L5	2
Metoprolol	L5	6
Metronidazole	L5	10
Mianserin	L5	4
Miconazole	L4	1
Midazolam	L2	1
Midostaurin	N/A	0
Minocycline	L5	2
Minoxidil	L5	10
Mirtazapine	L5	3
Mitoxantrone	L5	7
Moclobemide	L2	2
Modafinil	L5	1
Mometasone	L5	1
Montelukast	L2	2
Morphine	L5	10
Moxonidine	L5	9
Mupirocin	L5	2
Nafarelin	L5	9
Naloxone	N/A	0
Naltrexone	N/A	0
Naproxen	L5	4
Naratriptan	L5	2
Natalizumab	L5	5
Nebivolol	L5	4
Nevirapine	L5	3
Nicorandil	L4	6
Nicotine	N/A	0
Nifedipine	N/A	0
Nilotinib	L5	1
Nintedanib	L5	3
Niraparib	L5	10
Nitrazepam	L5	1
Nitrofurantoin	L5	10
Nitroglycerin	L3	4
Nivolumab	N/A	0
Nizatidine	L5	3
Norethisterone	N/A	0
Norfloxacin	L5	10
Nortriptyline	L2	2
Nystatin	L5	9
Obeticholic Acid	L5	6
Obinutuzumab	N/A	0
Ocrelizumab	L5	5
Octreotide	L5	2
Ofatumumab	L2	4
Ofloxacin	L5	10
Olanzapine	L5	2
Olaparib	N/A	0
Olmesartan	L5	10
Olodaterol	N/A	0
Olsalazine	L5	10
Omalizumab	L5	9
Omeprazole	L5	1
Ondansetron	N/A	0
Opicapone	N/A	0
Orlistat	L5	1
Osimertinib	N/A	0
Oxaliplatin	L2	4
Oxazepam	L3	1
Oxcarbazepine	L4	1
Oxybutynin	L5	3
Oxycodone	N/A	0
Oxymetazoline	L5	2
Ozanimod	N/A	0
Paclitaxel	L5	2
Palbociclib	L5	4
Paliperidone	L5	9
Palonosetron	L5	4
Panitumumab	L5	2
Pantoprazole	L5	1
Paroxetine	L5	1
Pazopanib	L2	6
Pegfilgrastim	L5	2
Peginterferon Alfa-2A	L1	9
Peginterferon Beta-1A	N/A	0
Pembrolizumab	L5	9
Pemetrexed	L5	3
Peppermint Oil	L5	10
Perampanel	L5	1
Perhexiline	L5	1
Periciazine	L5	5
Perindopril	L5	4
Permethrin	N/A	0
Pertuzumab	L5	6
Phenelzine	N/A	0
Phenobarbital	L5	3
Phenol	L5	8
Phenoxybenzamine	L5	2
Phenoxymethylpenicillin	L5	2
Phenylalanine	L5	2
Phenylephrine	L4	2
Phenytoin	L5	3
Phylloquinone	L5	9
Pibrentasvir	L4	10
Pilocarpine	N/A	0
Pimecrolimus	L2	3
Pioglitazone	L5	9
Pirfenidone	L5	10
Piroxicam	L5	10
Pizotifen	N/A	0
Plerixafor	L5	6
Polyethylene Glycol	L5	1
Pomalidomide	N/A	0
Ponatinib	L5	2
Posaconazole	L5	1
Potassium	L1	5
Potassium Bicarbonate	L5	1
Potassium Chloride	L4	1
Potassium Citrate	L5	8
Potassium Iodide	L4	1
Potassium Permanganate	N/A	0
Pralatrexate	L5	10
Pramipexole	L4	10
Prasugrel	L5	9
Pravastatin	L4	6
Praziquantel	N/A	0
Prazosin	N/A	0
Prednisolone	L2	9
Prednisolone Acetate	L5	10
Prednisone	L2	9
Pregabalin	L5	6
Primidone	L5	3
Probenecid	L4	3
Prochlorperazine	L5	10
Progesterone	L4	6
Propantheline	L3	1
Propranolol	L5	4
Propylene Glycol	L5	10
Propylthiouracil	L4	2
Pseudoephedrine	L5	2
Pyrantel	N/A	0
Pyridostigmine	L5	4
Quetiapine	L5	10
Quinagolide	N/A	0
Quinapril	L5	4
Quinine	N/A	0
Rabeprazole	N/A	0
Raloxifene	L5	4
Raltegravir	L4	3
Raltitrexed	L5	10
Ramipril	L5	9
Ranibizumab	L5	9
Ranitidine	L1	6
Rasagiline	L5	6
Ravulizumab	L5	10
Reboxetine	L5	7
Resorcinol	L5	6
Ribociclib	L4	4
Rifabutin	L5	10
Rifampicin	L4	10
Rifaximin	L5	6
Rilpivirine	L5	3
Riluzole	L5	8
Ripretinib	N/A	0
Risankizumab	L2	10
Risdiplam	L5	1
Risedronic Acid	N/A	0
Risperidone	L5	4
Ritonavir	L4	3
Rituximab	N/A	0
Rivaroxaban	L5	4
Rivastigmine	L5	1
Rizatriptan	L5	1
Romiplostim	L5	10
Romosozumab	N/A	0
Rosuvastatin	L5	6
Rotigotine	L5	10
Roxithromycin	L5	8
Ruxolitinib	L5	10
Sacituzumab Govitecan	L5	4
Sacubitril	L5	5
Safinamide	L5	3
Salbutamol	L5	8
Salicylic Acid	L5	9
Salmeterol	L5	3
Sapropterin	L5	2
Saxagliptin	N/A	0
Selegiline	L5	4
Selenium Sulfide	N/A	0
Selexipag	N/A	0
Selinexor	L5	1
Selpercatinib	L5	3
Selumetinib	L5	10
Semaglutide	N/A	0
Sertraline	L5	7
Sevelamer	N/A	0
Sildenafil	N/A	0
Silodosin	L5	6
Siltuximab	L5	8
Silver	L5	1
Simvastatin	L5	5
Siponimod	L5	7
Sirolimus	L5	6
Sitagliptin	N/A	0
Sodium Bicarbonate	N/A	0
Sodium Chloride	N/A	0
Sodium Citrate	L5	8
Sofosbuvir	L3	8
Sonidegib	L5	9
Sorafenib	L5	6
Sorbitol	L5	1
Sotalol	L5	6
Spironolactone	L5	2
Stiripentol	N/A	0
Sulfamethoxazole	L5	1
Sulfasalazine	L5	8
Sulthiame	L5	10
Sumatriptan	N/A	0
Sunitinib	L2	5
Tacrolimus	L1	2
Tadalafil	L5	8
Tafamidis	N/A	0
Talazoparib	N/A	0
Tamoxifen	L5	3
Tamsulosin	L5	10
Tapentadol	L5	2
Teduglutide	N/A	0
Telmisartan	L5	9
Temazepam	N/A	0
Temozolomide	L5	1
Tenofovir Alafenamide	L4	3
Tenofovir Disoproxil	L4	4
Terbinafine	N/A	0
Terbutaline	L5	2
Teriflunomide	N/A	0
Teriparatide	L5	9
Testosterone	N/A	0
Testosterone Undecanoate	N/A	0
Tetrabenazine	L5	10
Tetracosactide	N/A	0
Tezacaftor	L5	3
Thalidomide	N/A	0
Theophylline	L5	6
Thiamine	L5	3
Threonine	L5	1
Thymol	L5	10
Thyrotropin Alfa	L5	9
Tiagabine	N/A	0
Ticagrelor	L5	9
Tildrakizumab	L5	4
Timolol	N/A	0
Tioguanine	N/A	0
Tiotropium	L5	4
Tipiracil	L5	9
Tirofiban	N/A	0
Titanium Dioxide	L5	10
Tobramycin	L4	10
Tocilizumab	L3	5
Tofacitinib	N/A	0
Tolnaftate	N/A	0
Tolvaptan	L5	9
Topiramate	L5	1
Topotecan	L5	2
Toremifene	L5	1
Trabectedin	L5	1
Tramadol	L5	9
Trametinib	L5	1
Trandolapril	L5	5
Tranexamic Acid	L5	1
Tranylcypromine	L5	7
Trastuzumab	L5	6
Trastuzumab Deruxtecan	L5	1
Trastuzumab Emtansine	N/A	0
Travoprost	L5	10
Triamcinolone	L4	8
Triethylenetetramine	L5	7
Trihexyphenidyl	L5	10
Trimethoprim	L5	1
Triptorelin	L5	9
Tyrosine	L5	10
Umeclidinium	N/A	0
Upadacitinib	L5	2
Urea	N/A	0
Ursodeoxycholic Acid	L5	1
Ustekinumab	L2	10
Valaciclovir	N/A	0
Valganciclovir	N/A	0
Valine	L4	10
Valsartan	L4	6
Vancomycin	L5	10
Varenicline	L5	10
Velpatasvir	L4	10
Vemurafenib	N/A	0
Venetoclax	L5	6
Venlafaxine	N/A	0
Verapamil	L5	6
Vigabatrin	N/A	0
Vilanterol	L5	6
Vildagliptin	L5	9
Vinblastine	L4	10
Vinorelbine	L2	8
Vismodegib	L5	8
Vitamin A	L5	10
Voriconazole	N/A	0
Vorinostat	L5	1
Voxilaprevir	L5	10
Warfarin	L5	7
Zanubrutinib	L5	6
Zidovudine	L5	4
Zinc	N/A	0
Zinc Oxide	L4	5
Zinc Sulfate	L5	4
Ziprasidone	L5	9
Zoledronic Acid	N/A	0
Zolmitriptan	L5	2
Zonisamide	L5	9
Zopiclone	N/A	0
Zuclopenthixol	L5	9

Disclaimer
This report is for academic research reference only and does not constitute medical advice. Always follow your physician's instructions; never adjust medication on your own. Any drug repurposing decision requires full clinical validation and regulatory review.

Reviewed by: 藥提醒科技有限公司 (yao.care)